교체설․체용론과 원효의 언어관

초록

The Great Master Wonhyo(元曉; 617-6860) of the Silla Dynasty understand that a language do not reach to truth, and represent the real. However, he realizes that sattva can approach to tathata by expedient means(upaya) of language. He harmonizes the doctrine of consciousness-only(唯識)/insight of the Middle Path(中觀), the one-vehicle(一乘)/the three vehicles(三乘), and mun-eo(文語)/eui-eo(義語). Mun-eoi makes a false representation of truth, but eui-eo represents the meaning of truth. However, sattva can awaken the meaning of truth in text through the fully understanding of Buddha's speech. Buddha and Sattva are not two. All sentient beings have the inherent nature of enlightenment of the Buddha-qualities, the Buddha-seeds, or the potentiality of Buddhahood. The man in the gate of birth, death, and change(生滅門) should extinguish ignorance(無明, avidya) and deconstruct meaningless argument by means of eui-eo, and finally can reach to the stage of great enlightenment, the true-suchness(眞如門). At the very moment, he became a Buddha. However, he should not stay in the true-suchness. He should lead all sentient beings to enlightenment by means of the great compassion(mahakaruna, 大悲) and mun-eo. Two ways work reciprocally in the relation of neither one nor two(不一不二, Everything is neither existence nor non-existence; neither emptiness nor non-emptiness). It is the middle path(中道) to maintain the stage of dynamic equilibrium between two movements. Therefore, one mind(一心) divides into two gates, and two gates return to one mind by means of hwajaeng(和諍, reconciliation of dispute and harmony).

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