인간 향상과 인간의 본성 - 후쿠야마의 향상 반대 전략에 대한 비판적 고찰

초록

In this paper, I criticize the strategy of Fukuyama who opposes enhancement by appealing to human nature. There are three reasons why Fukuyama opposes enhancement. First, human nature is the source of morality ((H1)), therefore, enhancement that changes human nature is threatening to change morality ((O1)). Second, human nature is the source of equality ((H2)), therefore, change of human nature justifies inequality for those who are not enhanced ((O2)). Third, human nature has interdependent structure ((H3)), therefore, change of human nature brings about bad results ((3)). But in this writer’s opinion, first, (H1) has no persuasion force, and (O1) by (H1) is not a sufficient reason for opposing enhancement. It is because (O1) that follows (H1) connotes only that new morality is formed, and does not connote the threat of the collapse of morality. Second, (H2) is not a morally justified principle of equality, and (H2) does not imply (O2), and (O2) by (H2) cannot become a justifiable assertion. Third, (H3) lacks empirical evidence, and (H3) does not connote (O3). Therefore, the strategy of Fukuyama who attempts to oppose enhancement by appealing to the concept of human nature is considered not successful.

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