인간의 본성에 대한 융합적 연구와 새로운 지평

초록

This thesis explores human nature by fusion of evolutionary biology, sociobiology, brain science, anthropology, sociology, semiotics, and philosophy, and further the newly opened horizons. From the point of view of evolutionary biology, humans are survival machines controlled by selfish genes. From a sociobiological point of view, humans are beings who live a social life and engage in altruistic cooperation. From the point of view of brain science, humans suppress instinct through the frontal lobe and think rationally, and at the same time empathize and solidarize with the suffering of others through the mirror neuron system. From an anthropological point of view, humans have increased kin altruism, collective altruism, reciprocal altruism, and ethical altruism. From a semiotic and phenomenological point of view, humans achieved a cognitive revolution by fusing natural intelligence, scientific and technological intelligence, and social intelligence through metaphor, metonymy, and image schema. And they interpret the world in front of them, and aim for meaning, and practice it. When these are fused, human beings, as biological beings, are a survival machine controlled by selfish genes, and at the same time, as social beings, form society and cooperate altruistically. Humans are beings that seek existence by overcoming anxiety and alienation and are interdependent becomings that depend on others, act as conditions and causality, and become with each other. Accordingly, humans suppress or restrain desire or selfish instincts, and pursue moral rationality, and empathize and solidarize with others to achieve true self-realization, and to gain the approval of others, and to make others freer. As aesthetic beings, human beings seek more beautiful things despite wasting energy. As transcendent beings, human beings seek perfection from imperfection, holiness from vulgarity, and infinity from finiteness. No matter how we view human nature, religion, philosophy, and art that have seen human nature statically must be revised. Human nature fluctuates according to 12 factors: labor, the system of distributing values, communication and empathy with others, and group learning, etc. Nevertheless, we must note that in an egalitarian commune there are few evildoers as everyone promotes goodness and altruism to one another.

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