반연방과 반연준: 미국 자유지상주의의 통화론

초록

This paper examines the historical and ideological context in which American libertarians embraced cryptocurrency, particularly in response to criticism of the central banking system and the fiat currency regime following the 2008 financial crisis. It traces the emergence and growth of the libertarian movement advocating for the abolition of the Federal Reserve System, focusing on Murray Rothbard, who developed anarcho-capitalist theory through the Austrian School tradition of Ludwig von Mises and his patron, Paul. The movement, especially at the Mises Institute, combined widespread distrust of the central bank with populist sentiment, employing a revisionist interpretation of American economic history. This anti-central bank discourse was reframed to argue that the federal government’s monopoly on currency issuance infringes on individual liberty while reviving nostalgia for the free banking tradition and the gold standard of the founding era. Additionally, this study highlights how, after the 2008 crisis, cryptocurrency was adopted as an alternative currency. It represents not just a technological innovation or speculative asset but a synthesis of systematic critique against state power and the libertarian ideal of “deleveraged money.” This demonstrates that the ideological roots of cryptocurrency discourse are deeply connected to the enduring anti-Federal Reserve and anti-central bank sentiments that have persisted since the modern era.

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