구약성서 창세기의 반정주적(反定住的) 세계관

초록

This study examines the point of view of settlement of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible from a humanistic perspective based on archaeological and historical-theological achievements. Based on the surplus product theory suggested by Gordon Childe, this study regards cultivation, settlement, and urban formation as the whole process of urbanization. This study, through a series of stories of the Garden of Eden and Paradise Lost, the descendants of Cain and the civilizations built by them, the collapse of the town of Babel, the wanderings and settlements of the Abraham family, and the fall of Sodom in Genesis, identifies the consistent point of view that is anti-settlement, anti-agricultural and pro-nomadic, anti-urban, anti-authoritarian, and anti-state. This perception is presumed to result from the experiences of the Jews during the Babylonian exile around 600-540 BC. The Jews who were taken to Babylon were forced to be put into the construction of Babylon’s splendid agricultural civilization as slaves or serfs. The series of worldviews mentioned above changed somewhat through the Jews’ settlement in Palestine and the promotion of agricultural life. However, it can be confirmed that only the anti-urban perception is firmly maintained. Hereafter, this anti-urban awareness has formed a part of the anti-urban worldview of Western Christian culture.

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