북한영화의 국제교류 관계연구(1972~1994): 소련, 동유럽을 중심으로

초록

In North Korea, cinema was the most popular means of maintaining the power and system leading to Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il. From the amendment of the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in 1972 to the establishment of the succession system of Kim Jong-il in 1980, North Korea actively promoted film exchanges. After the 6th Party Congress in 1980, these film exchanges became aggressive as the power systems of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il came to an end. In other words, in the 1980s, the foreign cultural exchange strategy of ‘independence, friendship, and peace’ was adopted, which means that North Korea’s film exchange developed in a more active form. However, North Korea’s film exchanges took on a new situation as the Soviet Union’s Mikhail Gorbachev implemented reform and opening policies in 1986, and the communist front began to disintegrate in 1989. And with the death of Kim Il-sung in 1994, North Korea was in a state of crisis. At this time, North Korea emphasized “our-style socialism”. This can be seen through the holding of the 2nd in 1990, the 3rd in 1992, and the 4th Pyongyang Film Festival in 1994. For this reason, North Korea’s film exchange during this period can be said to be a period of defensive exchange. This means that with the collapse of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, communist identities fell into chaos, and exchange targets disappeared, so North Korea’s film exchanges had no choice but to transform into a defensive form. In conclusion, it can be seen that film exchanges in North Korea are shaped by the political situation within North Korea.

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