의류 케어라벨 표시 체계 비교 연구 - 국제표준(ISO), 한국(KS), 미국(ASTM), 일본(JIS), 중국(GB) 사례를 중심으로 -

초록

This study aims to comparatively analyze the care labeling systems of five regions—the international standard (ISO 3758:2023), Korea (KS K 0021:2024), Japan (JIS L 0001:2024), China (GB/T 8685-2008), and the United States (ASTM D5489)—in order to empirically examine the current state of international standardization convergence and the remaining differences among national standards. The study employs literature review and standard document analysis, organizing findings into symbol group comparison tables covering washing, bleaching, drying, ironing, and professional textile care. The analysis reveals that international convergence of care labeling symbol systems is progressing with ISO 3758 as its central axis. Applying Peirce’s triadic semiotic model (icon, index, symbol) as an analytical framework, the study found that the remaining differences among national systems stem from design choices in how supplementary information is encoded—whether through minimal symbolic elements (dots, bars, alphabets) or language-dependent text. Japan achieved full conformity with ISO 3758:2023, China adopted a modified version based on ISO 3758:2005, and Korea completed its revision with ISO 3758 conformity as an explicit goal. The United States remains the sole exception, maintaining its independent ASTM D5489 system, which prompted the European Commission to formally lodge an official objection to the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, citing the additional labeling requirements as an unnecessary trade barrier. Significant differences also persist among national systems in the scope of mandatory labeling items, indicating that harmonization beyond symbol convergence remains an unresolved challenge. Based on these findings, this study recommends promoting U.S. conformity to ISO 3758, a phased transition toward symbol-centered labeling in Korea, and the establishment of international minimum common standards for mandatory labeling items. The study further calls for expanding care label functions from a sustainability perspective, introducing new care symbols for emerging devices such as stylers, and promoting digital transformation through linkage with the Digital Product Passport (DPP).

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