1920년대 정읍군의 민족운동과 사회운동

초록

In Jeongeup-gun, there were the nationalistic movements and the social movements, just like other regions, such as youth movement, laborers and farmers movement, and Singanhoe movement in the 1920s. A lot of youth groups were formed throughout the nation after the March 1st Independence Movement and they spread the enlightenment movement. Eight youth groups were organized in 7 myeons in Jeongeup in the first half of 1920s. However, their activities were not going well. The youth groups engaged mainly in night schools, lectures, amateur theatricals, concerts. Most of the early members of the three youth groups (Jeongeup-myeon, Taein-myeon, and Kobu-myeon) were rich and intellectuals from the old local clerk families. Seven youth groups were organized in Jeongeup from 1925 to 1928. Some of the members of them were influenced by socialism. The youth groups across the nation were unified from 1928 according to the policy of the federation of Chosun youth groups. Accordingly, the branch offices were opened in the local areas: Jeollabuk-do alliance of youth (province level), Jeongeup youth union (county level), and branch office (myeon level). Jeongeup youth union was established in Jeongeup-gun, and branch offices were established in Taein-myeon and Sanoe-myeon but not in other myeons. Soon after the establishment, Jeongeup youth union was hit by a hard blow as some executives of the union were involved in the case of ‘Jeollabuk-do communists affair’ and got arrested. From then, Jeongeup youth union did not show any distinctive activities. The movement by the laborers and farmers started from Jeongeup branch office of Chosun laborers’ mutual aid association and Jeongeup laborers and farmers association. Labor unions such as Jeongeup laborers and farmers association were formed by the 1920s, and tenant groups started to emerge from 1924. Among them, Hwaho laborers and farmers club carried out the most active movements. The club was joined by 700 tenant farmers who belonged to Hwaho branch of Kumamoto Farm. Hwaho laborers and farmers club (the name was later changed to the association of Hwaho farmers) acted to protect the tenant right of tenant farmers, advocate their interests, and investigate bad landowners and bad mareums (the supervisor of a tenant farm). In 1927, when the branch offices of Singanhoe were established all over the nation, Jeongeup office and Hwaho office also opened in Jeongeup-gun. After the establishment of the local office, however, Hwaho office had no particular activities while Jeongeup office was trying to perform its own activities. However, Jeongeup office got involved in the case of ‘Jeollabuk-do communists affair’ and several executives were arrested, which curbed its activities under the harsh suppression of the police. As a result, Jeongeup office could not carry out any particular activity.

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