Engineered toll-like receptors (TLR) targeted nanomaterials for multi-therapeutic approaches in cancer immunotherapy

초록

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a class of immune proteins that participate in the regulation of host immune system as well as initiating immune response against various diseases. Recently, the innovations of TLR-based nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer treatments have emerged as a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapies. We highlight the importance of TLR in immune system activation by engineered nanoplatforms towards cancer immunotherapy. Also, TLR are important targets for cancer treatments via inducing host immune system activation. This process of activation enables us to develop TLR-based engineered NPs that efficiently enhance antitumor immunity. We review the advances in nanomaterial designs with respect to TLR and their various interactions which also include coordination polymers for multi-therapeutic approaches in cancer immunotherapy for the first time. This interdisciplinary perspective leads to synergistic approaches, synthesis of therapeutic nanomedicines, and their translational progress in clinical landscape. We also addressed the drawbacks, and the challenges faced by TLRs and TLR-based NPs during applications and stated some of the clinically approved TLR agonist and their functions in cancer immunotherapy. Thus, the importance of TLR-targeted engineered NPs incorporating TLR agonists could offer a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we provided comprehensive research with innovative ideas and perspectives on TLR-based targeted NPs which makes it a valuable resource for advancing future clinical cancer nanomedicines.

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