Measurement of the background in the CMS muon detector in pp-collisions at √s=13 TeV

Measurement of the background in the CMS muon detector in pp-collisions at s=13 TeV
  • Tytgat, M.
  • Muhammad, A.
  • De Lentdecker, G.
  • Jaramillo, J.
  • Moureaux, L.
  • ... Kim, T.J.
  • 외 551명
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초록

The CMS detector, including its muon system, has been operating at the CERN LHC in increasingly challenging conditions for about 15 years. The muon detector was designed to provide excellent triggering and track reconstruction for muons produced in proton–proton collisons at an instantaneous luminosity (L) of 1×1034 cm-2s-1. During the Run 2 data-taking period (2015–2018), the LHC achieved an instantaneous luminosity of twice its design value, resulting in larger background rates and making the efficient detection of muons more difficult. While some backgrounds result from natural radioactivity, cosmic rays, and interactions of the circulating protons with residual gas in the beam pipe, the dominant source of background hits in the muon system arises from proton–proton interactions themselves. Charged hadrons leaving the calorimeters produce energy deposits in the muon chambers. In addition, high-energy particles interacting in the hadron calorimeter and forward shielding elements generate thermal neutrons, which leak out of the calorimeter and shielding structures, filling the CMS cavern. We describe the method used to measure the background rates in the various muon subsystems. These rates, in conjunction with simulations, can be used to estimate the expected backgrounds in the High-Luminosity LHC. This machine will run for at least 10 years starting in 2029 reaching an instantaneous luminosity of L=5×1034cm-2s-1 and increasing ultimately to L=7.5×1034cm-2s-1. These background estimates have been a key ingredient for the planning and design of the muon detector upgrade.

키워드

CalorimetryColliding beam acceleratorsCosmic ray detectorsCosmic ray measurementHadronsHeat shieldingHeavy ionsNegative ionsPhotonsPositive ionsProtons
제목
Measurement of the background in the CMS muon detector in pp-collisions at √s=13 TeV
제목 (타언어)
Measurement of the background in the CMS muon detector in pp-collisions at s=13 TeV
저자
Tytgat, M.Muhammad, A.De Lentdecker, G.Jaramillo, J.Moureaux, L.Pétré, L.Yang, Y.Asilar, E.Kim, T.J.Merlin, J.A.Rendón, C.Gokbulut, G.Hong, Y.Samalan, A.Alves, G.A.Marujo da Silva, F.Alves Coelho, E.Barroso Ferreira Filho, M.Da Costa, E.M.De Jesus Damiao, D.Ferreira, B.C.Fonseca De Souza, S.Mota Amarilo, K.Nogima, H.Santoro, A.Thiel, M.Aleksandrov, A.Dimitrov, L.Hadjiiska, R.Iaydjiev, P.Misheva, M.Mitev, G.Ratchev, L.Rashevski, G.Shopova, M.Sultanov, G.Dimitrov, A.Litov, L.Pavlov, B.Petkov, P.Petrov, A.Shumka, E.Keshri, S.Thakur, S.Chen, M.Dong, X.Gong, W.Hou, Q.Jiang, C.Kou, H.Liu, Z.-A.Luo, W.Song, J.Sun, L.Wang, N.Wang, Y.Wang, Z.Zhang, C.Zhang, Y.Zhang, H.Zhao, J.Agapitos, A.Ban, Y.Levin, A.Li, Q.Qian, S.J.Wang, D.Wang, K.You, Z.Avila, C.Barbosa Trujillo, D.A.Cabrera, A.Florez, C.A.Fraga, J.Reyes Vega, J.A.Ramirez, F.Rodriguez, M.Ruiz, J.D.Vanegas, N.Abdalla, H.Abdelalim, A.A.Assran, Y.Radi, A.Crotty, I.Mahmoud, M.A.Balleyguier, L.Chen, X.Combaret, C.Galbit, G.Gouzevitch, M.Grenier, G.Laktineh, I.B.Luciol, A.Mirabito, L.Tromeur, W.Bagaturia, I.Lomidze, I.Kemularia, O.Tsamalaidze, Z.Böttger, U.Eliseev, D.Hebbeker, T.Hoepfner, K.Merschmeyer, M.Ivone, F.Mukherjee, S.Nowotny, F.Philipps, B.Reithler, H.Sharma, A.Torres Da Silva De Araujo, F.Wiedenbeck, S.Zaleski, S.Zantis, F.P.Abbas, M.Mallows, S.Bencze, G.Beni, N.Molnar, J.Szillasi, Z.Teyssier, D.Ujvari, B.Zilizi, G.Babbar, J.Bansal, S.Bhatnagar, V.Chauhan, S.Kaur, A.Kaur, H.Kaur Sahota, A.Kumar, S.Sheokand, T.Singh, J.Choudhary, B.C.Kumar, A.Kumar Saini, M.Naimuddin, M.Majumdar, N.Mukhopadhyay, S.Rout, P.Amoozegar, V.Boghrati, B.Ebraimi, M.Mohammadi Najafabadi, M.Zareian, E.Abbrescia, M.Aly, R.Buonsante, M.Colaleo, A.De Filippis, N.Dell’Olio, D.De Robertis, G.Elmetenawee, W.Ferrara, N.Franco, M.Iaselli, G.Lacalamita, N.Licciulli, F.Loddo, F.Maggi, M.Martiradonna, S.Nuzzo, S.Longo, L.Pellecchia, A.Pugliese, G.Radogna, R.Ramos, D.Ranieri, A.Simone, F.M.Stamerra, A.Troiano, D.Venditti, R.Verwilligen, P.Zaza, A.Abbiendi, G.Baldanza, C.Battilana, C.Benvenuti, A.Borgonovi, L.Cafaro, V.Cavallo, F.R.Crupano, A.Cuffiani, M.Dallavalle, G.M.Fabbri, F.Fanfani, A.Fasanella, D.Giacomelli, P.Giordano, V.Guandalini, C.Guiducci, L.Lo Meo, S.Lunerti, L.Marcellini, S.Masetti, G.Navarria, F.L.Paggi, G.Perrotta, A.Primavera, F.Rossi, A.M.Rovelli, T.Torromeo, G.Benussi, L.Bianco, S.Campagnola, R.Caponero, M.Colafranceschi, S.Meola, S.Passamonti, L.Piccolo, D.Pierluigi, D.Raffone, G.Russo, A.Saviano, G.Buontempo, S.Cagnotta, A.Carnevali, F.Cassese, F.Cavallo, N.De Iorio, A.Fabozzi, F.Iorio, A.O.M.Lista, L.Paolucci, P.Passeggio, G.Rossi, B.Barcellan, L.Bellato, M.Benettoni, M.Bergnoli, A.Bragagnolo, A.Carlin, R.Castellani, L.Checchia, P.Ciano, L.Colombo, A.Corti, D.Gasparini, F.Gasparini, U.Gonella, F.Gozzelino, A.Griggio, A.Grosso, G.Gulmini, M.Isocrate, R.Lusiani, E.Maron, G.Margoni, M.Meneguzzo, A.T.Migliorini, M.Modenese, L.Montecassiano, F.Negrello, M.Passaseo, M.Pazzini, J.Ramina, L.Rampazzo, M.Rebeschini, M.Ronchese, P.Rossin, R.Simonetto, F.Toffano, M.Toniolo, N.Triossi, A.Ventura, S.Zanetti, M.Zatti, P.G.Zotto, P.Zucchetta, A.AbuZeid, S.Aimè, C.Braghieri, A.Calzaferri, S.Fiorina, D.Gigli, S.Montagna, P.Riccardi, C.Salvini, P.Vai, I.Vitulo, P.Amapane, N.Cotto, G.Dattola, D.De Remigis, P.Kiani, B.Mariotti, C.Maselli, S.Pelliccioni, M.Rotondo, F.Staiano, A.Trocino, D.Umoret, G.Choi, S.Hong, B.Lee, K.S.Goh, J.Choi, J.Kim, J.Yang, U.Yoon, I.Jang, W.Heo, J.Kang, D.Kang, Y.Kim, D.Kim, S.Ko, B.Lee, J.S.H.Park, I.C.Watson, I.J.Yang, S.Jeong, Y.Lee, Y.Yu, I.Alasfour, G.Beyrouthy, T.Gharbia, Y.Maghrbi, Y.Otkur, M.Castilla-Valdez, H.Crotte Ledesma, H.Lopez-Fernandez, R.Sánchez Hernández, A.Ramírez García, M.Vazquez, E.Shah, M.A.Zaganidis, N.Pedraza, I.Uribe Estrada, C.Ahmad, A.Ahmed, W.Asghar, M.I.Hoorani, H.R.Muhammad, S.Wajid, A.Alcaraz Maestre, J.Álvarez Fernández, A.Fernandez Bedoya, Cristina F.Blanco Ramos, L.C.Calvo, E.Carrillo Montoya, C.A.Cela Ruiz, J.M.Cepeda, M.Cerrada, M.Colino, N.Cuadrado Calzada, S.Cuchillo Ortega, J.De La Cruz, B.de Lara Rodríguez, C.I.Fernández Del Val, D.Fernández Ramos, J.P.Fouz, M.C.Francia Ferrero, D.García Romero, J.Gonzalez Lopez, O.Goy Lopez, S.Josa, M.I.León Holgado, J.Manzanilla Carretero, O.Martín Martín, I.Martínez Morales, J.J.Martín Viscasillas, E.Moran, D.Navarro Tobar, Á.Paz Herrera, R.Puras Sánchez, J.C.Puerta Pelayo, J.Pulido Ferrero, S.Redondo, I.Redondo Ferrero, D.D.Salto Parra, V.Sánchez Navas, S.Sastre, J.Urda Gómez, L.Vazquez Escobar, J.de Trocóniz, J.F.Frias Garcia-Lago, F.Reyes-Almanza, R.Alvarez Gonzalez, B.Cuevas, J.Fernandez Menendez, J.Folgueras, S.Gonzalez Caballero, I.Leguina López, P.Palencia Cortezon, E.Ramón Álvarez, C.Prado Pico, J.Rodríguez Bouza, V.Soto Rodríguez, A.Trapote, A.Villalba, C. 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DOI
10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13077-x
발행일
2024-09
유형
Article
저널명
European Physical Journal C
84
9
페이지
1 ~ 43