러시아의 체제전환과 통제되지 않은 자본 - 체제전환기(1992~1998) 마피아 활동을 중심으로 -

초록

The paper examines the relationship between Russia's system transformation policy that begun in January 1992 and Russian mafia, an illegal crime organization. Studied period is the start of transformation and confused period that is from 1992 to 1998. Russia's system transformation to the market economy, consists of free pricing and privatization, has been exclusively conducted in such a short period. The government played a minimum role and the comprehensively transformation policy was introduced, with a belief on effective function of the market mechanism. Russia experienced a massive economy downturn and social confusion during this period. Bribe and corruption were so severe that they even threatened the nation's economy. Thus, the criminal organization started to expand at the time of political, legal and social confusion. Russian mafia formed a deep relationship with elites and leaders of political, legal and financial circle, and involved in various economy area. The black market where Russian mafia was actively engaged coulnd't be comprehended with the accurate figure since it was illegitimately dealt under the table. Also, the profit from this market was uncontrolled capital that was not taxed. Boris Yeltsin once had tried to handle mafia issue, but its affect was merely insignificant. There was a limit to sweep the mafia with the existing law only. Disconnecting the links between mafia and political, legal and financial elites should have come beforehand.

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