중앙아시아 국가의 탈소비에트 국민정체성: 동북아 국가와의 비교를 중심으로

초록

This study purposes to analyze national identities of Central Asian countries through comparing them with those of Northeast Asian countries such as China, Japan, and Korea. Its analysis makes use of survey data from both Asia Barometer 2005 and 2006; the former(2005) is based on the surveys of total 14 countries including not only five Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan but also India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Maldives, Mongolia, and Nepal etc, while the latter(2006) is based on the surveys of total 7 countries of China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam. As its theoretical background for an analysis on Central Asian national identity, this article categorizes the existing theories on the theme into two major streams: modernistic perspective and post-modernistic perspective. After scrutinizing the problems of the modernistic approach represented by Ernest Gellner, Anthony Smith, and Benedict Anderson etc., this article analyzes the post-modernistic approach, which has emerged to overcome its predecessor's problems, especially focusing on theories of Rogers Brubaker and Linda Martin Alcoff. Analyzing the nation-building process of 5 Central Asian countries, this article finds out that this process, often regarded as a modernization process, originates in fact lots of conflicts. Racial nationalism often causes clashes among tribes even within a country and tacitly revitalizes clan nepotism by relying on the traditional political values and rules of resource allocation. Since a nationalistic government would not accept political demands of the urban intellectuals, it instead attempts to resurrect premodern - patriarchal and authoritarian - political culture in order to galvanize the supports of titular nations dwelling in rural areas. Based on its analysis on the survey results of Asia Barometer, finally, this article concludes that the national identity of Central Asian countries still bears much of institutional legacies from the past.

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