갈홍의 노자신선론 연구

초록

Ge-Hong is the first philosopher who established Science of Taoist Hermit(Shenxian, 神仙) as a theory in the history of Taoism; in Baopuzi:inner chapters, he established Science of Taoist Hermit’s Theory, namely, “Theory of Taoist Hermit Existence,” “Theory of Taoist Hermit Attainment,” and “Theory of Taoist Hermit Destiny.” Actually, Ge-Hong’s Taoism is based on his Science of Taoist Hermit. Ge-Hong’s viewpoint of Lao-zi is not an exception. Ge-Hong presented the new Taoism’s viewpoint of Lao-zi founded on his Science of Taoist Hermit. He thought Lao-zi as the greatest Taoist Hermit and explained the process of Lao-zi’s becoming hermit from a human being. According to Ge-Hong’s Theory of Taoist Hermit Lao-zi, Lao-zi is the person who was born as a normal person and became a hermit through the learning process. Lao-zi was born to the Li family. Lao-zi learned Dao and De from his teacher, Yuanjun, and praticed it; finally, he became a Taoist hermit. Although Lao-zi realized the Theory of Eternal Life, he did not become a Sky’s Taoist hermit right away. He had offspring in order not to cease the ancestral rites and participated, moreover, in the national affairs as a member of Zhou’s government; hence, Lao-zi put not only Taoist hermit duty, but also human duty into practice. However, after Lao-zi realized that it would be impossible to practice Taoist hermit duty in Zhou, he left Zhou and became a Sky’s Taoist hermit. Ge-Hong’s Theory of Taoist Hermit Lao-zi is the reconstruction of Lao-zi’s biography on the basis of Shiji and Liexianzhuan. Ge-Hong proved his “Theory of Taoist Hermit Existence” and “Theory of Taoist Hermit Attainment” by establishing Theory of Taoist Hermit Lao-zi by borrowing the literature authority of Shiji and Liexianzhuan. But, this literature authority brought about one problem. The problem is that in accordance with Shiji and Liexianzhuan, in spite of Saint Kong-zi, who had the highest authority in history, meeting with Lao-zi, why Kong-zi did not become a Taoist hermit by learning the Theory of Eternal Life from Lao-zi. At this point, Ge-Hong introduced “Theory of Taoist Hermit Destiny” contradictory to “Theory of Taoist Hermit Attainment.” Now Lao-zi is a special person born with the Taoist hermit destiny, not an ordinary one. Following his destiny, Lao-zi learned and performed hard, and became a Taoist hermit. Like this, Ge-Hong’s Theory of Taoist Hermit Attainment is beneficial to those who are qualified with Theory of Taoist Hermit Destiny. Even though Ge-Hong’s Science of Taoist Hermit has a theoretical contradiction, it provides with theoretical foundation to lead Taoism to the popular religion because of its emphasis on human being’s independent study and performance.

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