비관세장벽의 경제사회학적 분석-일본과 한국의 수입자동차 시장 비교-

초록

In this study, I seek to explain the continuing strength of trade and investment barriers against foreign goods and companies in Japan and South Korea. These barriers persist despite the increasing openness of both these economies to world trade and their joining free trade agreements. These trade barriers are no longer based on discriminatory tariffs, but include a range of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) created by government interventions, by the strategies of domestic firms and by consumer preferences. This study utilized economic sociological perspectives to explain relationships between institutional arrangements (government-business relations, networks of indigenous business organizations, and consumption culture) and NTBs embedded in Japan and South Korea. Through a comparative study of institutional arrangements and the imported automobile market in Japan and South Korea, this study found that there have been invisible trade barriers in the Japanese and South Korean imported automobile markets. This study also found a common characteristic between the two countries: in either case, there is an underlying matter of trust, regardless of the type of barriers. That is, the radius of trust can be fully extended only to those who are joined under a common roof. In this respect, the concept of trust in Japan and South Korea has limits. It could be called　bounded trust. In sum, this study found that such strong trust-based network systems in Japan and South Korea may work as invisible trade barriers (or NTBs) toward foreigners. In addition, closed types of internal, organic organizations, the Japan Inc. and the Korea Inc., themselves may represent a large invisible barrier as a whole, while inside the organization a number of additional smaller invisible barriers against foreigners exist. The importance of NTBs in limiting foreign investment and trade helps us explore the broader question of the place of national economic institutions and cultures in shaping economic development despite the homogenizing pressure of world market forces.

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