도학의 형성, 점필재 김종직과 그의 문생들의 도학사상

초록

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the process and characteristics of formation of Sarim party (士林派)`s Dohak (道學, Tao Learning) in the early Chŏsun Dynasty. The Sarim party refers to a group of scholars who criticized immorality of the ruling party called Hungu party (勳舊派) in the early Chŏsun. The party began to form when young scholars who were taught classics or literature by Kim Jong-jik (1431~1492), a famous literary man, had critical consciousness in common against the existing politics, led by Hungu party, which was mainly composed of older and higher bureaucrats with a distinct leaning toward conservatism. Kim Goeng-pil (1454~1504), a student of Kim Jong-jik, tried to restore the moral spirit of Neo-Confucianism by living a morally restrained life by practicing the strict code of ethics developed in Sohak (『小學』). He was also called the boy of Sohak owing to his strict practice of the contents in the book. Accordingly, studying and practicing the moral mind and laws in Sohak became the most essential part of Dohak in the early Chŏsun. Jeong Yeo-chang (1450~1504), a student of Kim Jong-jik and a friend of Kim Goeng-pil, maintained that we didn`t need to learn intentionally the way to write a good poem because poetry is just a expression of our nature and emotion. According to this view of literature, trying to becoming a man of virtue by cultivating moral character and practicing moral law are much more valuable than aspiring to literary success. This view, of course, became one of the most important part of Dohak. In this respect, the Sarim party`s Dohak in the early Chŏsun Dynasty began to be formed by Kim Jong-jik and his students such as Kim Goeng-pil and Jeong Yeo-chang.

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