근대 발해 조선인 마을의 형성 과정 연구

초록

This paper summarized the background and process of the Joseon village formation in Bohaizhen, Ning’an, Heilongjiang province, China while Korea lost its sovereignty. The testimony by the old Kim Dubok(1931~) who lived in the present Bohaizhen in that process is selected as the main topic of discussion in this paper. The old Kim Dubok had the dual identity in terms of the ethnic group and the country, that is, as Korean Chinese. He was named a marginal man on the assumption that the dual identity contained the property of boundary. His dual identity was assumed by the external viewpoint, not by his definite declaration. Joseon people moved to China for anti-Japanese movement and farming in early 1920s. At that time, the area around Ning’an had the perfect condition as the site for independence movement because it was easy to make people or goods transported and enabled to be ready for long-term resistance on the basis of the productivity. However, there are no contents directly describing the inflow of Joseon people to Bohaizhen in the records on that period up to now. In accordance with the testimony by the old Kim Dubok, the village was earnestly formed since 1930s. The movement of Joseon people to China in 1930s was mainly forced by Japan. Such movement was enabled by the Japanese policies, ‘Collective Village’, ‘Safe farm Village’ and ‘Change from Tenant farming to Owner Farming’ which were accelerated from 1934. The population of Joseon people was remarkably increased around Dongjincheng including Bohaizhen. For Bohaizhen, the Balhae Farm of Anh Huije and Daejong School of Yun Sebok significantly contributed on the expansion and development of the village. Balhae farm acted as the economic community and the base for the independent movement. Daejong School led the ethnic education. Establishment of Balhae farm and Daejong school in this area was closely related to the fact that this area was the capital of ancient Balhae dynasty for a long time.

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