Inverse-Designed Ultra-Compact 1 × 3 Beam Splitter on a Cladding-Free Photonic Crystal Platform

초록

We demonstrate the first inverse-designed multiport splitter for cladding-free photonic crystal waveguides, achieving 99.99% transmittance with 30:39:30% power splitting across three outputs within a 1.4×4.2μm2 footprint. Adjointbased topology optimization with fabrication-aware projection filtering maintains 50 nm minimum feature size, enabling ultra-highdensity photonic integration without cladding layers.

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