영국 극우정당 성장의 사회문화적 요인: 2014 영국독립당(UK Independence Party)의 사례를 중심으로

초록

This paper examines UK Independence Party’s rise in the European Parliament Elections in 2014. It is common assumption that the emergence of extreme right party could be affected by the economic situation and the election system. However, sociocultural factors have not been seen as major cause behind the rising support for UK Independence Party. This paper attempts to demonstrate that the growing support across the nation for extreme right party lies in “Britishness” and Britain’s sociocultural backgrounds. As can be seen in the instance of UK Independence party’s entry in to the 2014 European Parliament, the election system can be seen as a positive influence whereas economic factors play a minor role. On the other hand , the play on sociocultural perspective “Britishness” achieves considerable returns for the elections. The sudden increase in immigrants in Britain as well as the policies in multiculturalism was recognized as threat to the identity of British society and played a significant role in the elections. This demonstrates that when the sociocultural factors fail to strengthen social integration, conservatism is fortified and liberal attitudes weakened in turn implying that multicultural policies could prove to play a significant influence.

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