『묵자』의 기술관 연구

초록

While in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, human beings need to establish the direction of technological development for their own purpose, rather than fitting themselves into the technology development. All of the technological development needs to progress towards making good society. Regardless of all times and places, people pursue a good technology and a good society. A good society is defined as a society fulfilled with universal love and public good. A good technology is defined as the technology promoting the society having universal love and public good. The saying, “inclusively caring for each other and mutually benefiting each other” mentioned by Mozi, a Chinese philosopher and engineer, can be interpreted as universal love and public good. Therefore, it is meaningful to prospect the direction of technology development of our time on the basis of Mozi’s philosophical perspective of technology. Mozi conveys the need for the progression of technology development to be for the benefit of the people. In accordance with Mozi’s philosophical view, the real benefit of people is the resolving problems that associate with their daily life, not their emotional pleasure and physical comfort. The core idea of Mozi’s philosophy is “inclusively caring for each other and mutually benefiting each other”. In Mozi’s philosophical view of “mutually benefiting each other”, it is substantial for engineers to provide people with practical tools that benefit people’s lives; moreover, it is important that the personal benefit earned by technological development should be shared with the disadvantaged. In Mozi’s philosophical view of “inclusively caring for each other”, the technological development of engineers should continue to accelerate in growth in consideration of not only the benefit of own region and present generation, but for also other regions and for the advantage towards future generations. Mozi puts “inclusively caring for each other” above “mutually benefiting each other” when there is a conflict between “inclusively caring for each other” and “mutually benefiting each other”. He says that only "mutually benefiting each other" based on “inclusively caring for each other” can create public good. Particularly, Mozi takes interested in the social polarization among social classes and emphasizes the benefit of the disadvantaged. Namely, the benefit of the people that Mozi said is the benefit of the disadvantaged. The good direction of technology development of Mozi is considering the benefit of the disadvantaged to become the top priority. Although people live in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the world is still suffering from poverty and starvation, the gap between the rich and the poor deepens caused by the new technology development, and in addition, many people face with the crisis of mass unemployment. If the Fourth Industrial Revolution aims to make a better society, it is necessary to use Mozi’s philosophy of technology for reference.

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