관료는 이타적인가, 이기적인가? 공･사조직 비교를 통한 관료의 속성 탐색

초록

The bureaucrat plays a key role in establishing and executing public policy in the public organizations. In modern society, the term “bureaucrat” has a negative connotation rather than a positive one, and this negative images of bureaucrat are getting worse over time. Theoretically, there are two opposing positions to grasp the attributes of the bureaucrat: political scientists advocating public choice theory and public administration scholar advocating public service motivation. The former looks at the bureaucrat from a negative perspective. In other words, the bureaucrat is defined as a pursuit of personal interest rather than pursuing the public interest. On the other hand, the latter views the bureaucrat as a pursuit of public interest that serves members of society and the state. The purpose of this study is to grasp the degree of altruism of bureaucrat relatively through comparison between members of public and private organizations in Korea. The altruism was categorized by altruistic attitude, altruistic behavior, and altruistic motivation. And the altruism (altruistic attitude, altruistic behavior, altruistic motivation) were analyzed between bureaucrat in public organization and members of firms in private organization. As a result of the comparative analysis, the bureaucrat remained at higher levels of altruism in terms of three categorizations than those in the private firms. It was also found that the difference between the two groups was increased as the number of years of service was increased. Unlike Western society, there is no alternative choice of civil servants by altruistic attitude or altruistic motivation in Korea. The bureaucrat is not an entity that pursues personal interest in preference to the pursuit of the public interest like view of public choice, but rather an altruistic entity that prioritizes the interests of others compared to the reference group. It can be inferred that this altruism is being promoted through the process of socialization in public organizations and being systematically learned.

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