아프리카의 ‘빈곤 감소 관광’ 실패 요인 : 잔지바르 사례연구

초록

Tourism is recognized as an important source of revenue for developing countries and a means to overcome poverty. However, in recent years, African countries have experienced remarkable tourism growth that has not translated into poverty reduction in the region. This study focuses on the political and economic characteristics of African governments as actors in the tourism industry. African countries have been characterized by rent-seeking through informal political systems. This characteristic has a direct impact on the tourism industry and has a negative impact on poverty alleviation, as the benefits to the local population are minimal. This study focuses on Zanzibar, Tanzania, as an example of this characteristic. Zanzibar has seen the growth of an externalized tourism industry with very limited benefits to local communities. Many jobs have been provided to foreigners, and corruption linked to land grabbing have reduced revenues and led to conflict with local communities. This study examines how the tourism policies and institutions of the governments of Tanzania and Zanzibar have undermined poverty reduction, and considers lessons and implications for African countries that rely heavily on tourism to move towards 'Pro-Poor Tourism'.

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