부모 학력에 따른 학업성취도 격차의 국제비교

초록

This paper examines the score gaps in PISA among students with differentfamily background from the international view point. Parents’ education levelaffects students’ performances in every OECD country, but the extents aredifferent for different countries. Compared to other participating countries,Korea has shown relatively small performance gaps among students withdifferent parents’ educational attainment. This holds for the score gapsbetween students with high school graduated fathers and those withcollege-graduated fathers, as well as between those with elementary schoolgraduated mothers and those with high school graduated mothers. We try toidentify factors reducing score gaps of students with different backgroundfrom panel regressions of OECD countries. It is found that, at the nationallevel, such observable factors as the high per-pupil expenditure level, thesmaller class-size, and the high teacher compensation does not raise theperformances of students whose parents have low educational attainment. Northese variables are positively correlated with smaller score gaps amongstudents with different family background. These results suggest that mostcountries have not found effective ways to raise the performance of studentsfrom adverse family background and that simple input-based policies will notbe enough to enhance the equality in the academic performances.

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