现代汉语“有+VP2”句式的句法及语义条件

초록

‘you+VP’construction has appeared with increasing frequency in spoken Chinese, e.g., ‘you kan zhegege de geci ma?’ (Have you seen the lyrics of this song?) and ‘ta you xie yishoushi’ (He wrote a poem). Zhu Dexi (1982) once mentioned that ‘you’ can only be followed by denominal verbs such as ‘you yingxiang’ (have an impact) or ‘you zhunbei’ (have a preparation), indicating a limited usage of ‘you’ with verbs. However, the new ‘you+ VP’ construction breaks away from such restriction, where the verb following ‘you’ is no longer limited to denominal verbs. In this paper, we will term this emerging construction as ‘you+ VP2’.This paper analyzes spoken corpus data reflecting this emerging construction after the 1990s in mainland China. Addressing the lack of a uniform standard in previous research regarding the syntactic analysis and the regional and historical variations of the corpus, we propose that the pragmatic function of ‘you+ VP2’ is to express realis modality. In this construction, ‘You’ is an auxiliary verb, forming symmetry with other auxiliary verbs expressing irrealis modality such as ‘keyi’ (can), ‘hui’ (may), and ‘neng’ (able). Since ‘You + VP2’ expresses realis modality, the VP appearing in this construction should describe events that have already occurred or are taking place in progress. Events that have not occurred or potential events are not compatible with the ‘you+ VP2’ construction. Additionally, we propose that VP within ‘you+ VP2’ construction should meet the condition of dynamicity and volitionality. Due to such lexical semantic conditions, VP describing stative situations such as mental activities like ‘高兴’ (happy) or ‘喜欢’ (like), or non-volitional events such as ‘死’ (die), cannot appear in the ‘you + VP2’ construction.

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