중국 하북성 무안(武安) 토산성회(土山誠會)의 축제 양상과 전승방식

초록

The “Tushan-chenghui” is a village festival of east and west tushan villages, wu-an city in Habei Province, China. It has a very excellent system to succeed their traditional festival. That’s why I did field research and write this paper. I try to find the reason of the successful succession of the festival. Generally In northern China, there are many festivals in which village festivity combined with the festival based on their religious belief. Tushan-chenghui is a typical northern village festival based on their belief on ‘Bixiayuanjun’. So it is well organized by the villagers voluntarily in activity and in expenses. Even they close the school and office in whole week and the students and workers out of village return to hometown to participate the festival. The festival was carried by 1937 every 3years and revived in 1991. So it was the 7th in 2009. The festival was succeeded through the father to son system in some important role, also through the master to apprentice system in many activities. The most important characteristic is the whole villagers from children to elders participating the festival in different roles and activities with great enthusiasm. Especially the young people voluntarily involve into the festival very deeply and enjoy it much. It seems that they don’t worry about the discontinuation of the festival. The reason is as below. First, the festival has the broad and deep base on the belief on Bixiayuanjun and for every activity they did their best, because those were the offerings to god. It makes the two villages co-work very well too. Second, the festival has both of serious ritual and entertainment, so the festival presents the features of carnival, but was carried in good order. The villagers were seemed to be well disciplined by the experience of the festival. Third, the festival has both the literary and martial arts and those were performed in the way of competition, so the participants well out the energy which was depressed in usual life. That’s why young people love this festival much. Forth, all age group can participate in the different programs of the festival and the memory leads them to be the potential participants of next festival. It’s the very effective succession system of the festival. But the oral and performing arts which need professional training was very weak and hard to be succeeded. It needs the special support to keep the accomplishments.

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