조선 후기 순무어사 활동 연구―김상직의 「암행일기」를 중심으로―

초록

This study examines the actual conditions of Sunmu Eosa (Provincial Inspector for Pacification) activities in Left Gyeongsang Province in 1702 through Kim Sang-jik's "Amhaeng Ilgi" (Secret Inspection Diary). Unlike conventional Sunmu Eosa who operated openly (myeonghaeng), Kim Sang-jik conducted his mission through secret inspection (amhaeng), presenting a unique case that merged the functions of Sunmu Eosa and Amhaeng Eosa. During his 90-day inspection tour, Kim systematically investigated 17 categories of local magistrate misconduct and exposed structural contradictions in the grain loan (hwangok), tribute payment (gongnap), and taxation systems. He proposed concrete reform measures centered on reviving the bangnap system and adjusting prices to market realities, thereby advancing beyond mere surveillance to institutional improvement. In military affairs, he directly inspected military equipment in 40 counties, 18 warships, and 23 beacon stations, identifying weaknesses in coastal defense and proposing practical, combat-oriented improvements. The "Amhaeng Ilgi" functions as a comprehensive administrative report encompassing royal instructions (bongseo), official correspondence (seogye), and memoranda (byeoldan), providing empirical evidence of structural problems in early 18th-century local governance and the actual operation of the inspection system. Through this analysis, the study sheds new light on the historical position of the Sunmu Eosa institution and trends in late Joseon local administrative reform.

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