수도권 1기 신도시의 자족성 및 중심성 분석

초록

The Korean national government built five new towns - Bundang, Ilsan, Joongdong, Pyeongchon, and Sanbon - adjacent to Seoul to mitigate the overcrowding and housing shortage caused by population concentration in the late 1980s. The achievement of self-containment was one of main goals of the new town development, but there are some mixed reviews about that. In this regard, this study aims at identifying the level of self-containment and centrality using O-D (origin-destination) data of the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) surveyed in 2006. The level of centrality of an area is generally measured by jobs-housing ratio. However, jobs-housing ratio is insufficient as a measure of self-containment. Instead, independence index should be employed to measure the level of self-containment. Therefore, these two indices need to be measured separately. Self-containment and centrality were measured from the aspects of employment and life in this study. The result of the analysis shows that the five new towns, from the aspect of life, now have certain level of self-containment and are performing some role as main hub of activity. On the other hand, in terms of employment, the self-containment is evaluated as a lower level than other established cities in the SMA. This may assume that the five first-period new towns are experiencing the jobs-housing imbalance. That is to say, the result of this study supports the opinion that the five new towns are still subordinated to Seoul although the five new towns have contributed to the increase of housing stock in the SMA. Therefore, what to focus on the increase of the jobs-housing balance ratio and level of self-containment in the next-period new town development will be a desirable policy direction to achieve a goal for ‘green growth’.

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