Freeze-thaw durability estimation for concrete through the Gaussian process regression with kernel convolution

초록

This study aimed to improve the performance of Gaussian process regression (GPR) estimation through kernel convolution for relative dynamic modulus (RDM) of the freeze-thaw (FT) test. The FT test includes various parameters that affect its outcome. However, FT test results must be measured by humans directly, and due to the characteristics of the experiment, output data is very small. This makes it difficult to apply AI to predict the FT durability process. This study focused on the Bayesian approach of the GPR method with small data. The results showed that kernel convolution improved the estimation performance, as demonstrated by the validation of the fitted GPR with a convoluted kernel. The convolution work could be simplified as the 5/2 Mate`rn kernel and periodic kernel showed perfect independence from each other. The independence checking results showed that the chi-square was 0.8579, the Fisher test was 0.98, and the Pearson correlation was 0.00129 respectively in the posterior state. The drawbacks of each kernel were reinforced by the strong points of the other when the kernels performed the convolution, resulting in a reasonable range of RDM estimation. Therefore, it was proved that Bayesian regression performance could be improved through kernel convolution.

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