윤리적 개념으로서의 자율성 - 칸트의 자율성 개념을 중심으로 -

초록

The formation of the modern moral philosophy is influenced by the theological debate between voluntarism and intellectualism. The modern concept of morality, based on intellectualism, can be defined as ‘the morality as autonomy’. Kant’s practical philosophy plays an important role in this transition. Kant’s concept of autonomy marks a significant shift in how morality is understood. Kant thinks that the moral agent should be obedient only to the universal moral law and only he can be the legislator of the moral law. The core of Kant’s morality is the autonomy of the moral agent and for the sake of the final compensation of the moral and autonomous agent the existence of God is demanded. Kant’s modern concept of ‘moral autonomy’ is often contrasted with Mill’s concept of ‘personal autonomy’. Mill’s utilitarian and individualistic paradigm is linked to diverse liberal concepts some of which try to harmonize Kant and Mill. In these attempts the principle of autonomy can be read as the prerequisite for normative acceptable way of life.

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