탈북민 취약·위기가구의 인권 개선: 한계와 과제

초록

It is important to understand the core context of North Korean migrants' human rights issues and discuss the policy support needed to improve the human rights situation from their perspective. Accordingly, this study defined vulnerable North Korean migrants and households in crisis and analyzed the results and limitations of the complete survey of vulnerable North Korean migrants conducted by the Ministry of Unification. According to the results of an analysis of six full-scale surveys, there were institutional limits in identifying and supporting North Korean migrants suspected of being vulnerable or at risk. In particular, most of the crisis information indicators in the Ministry of Health and Welfare's welfare blind spot discovery and management system were focused on economic aspects, so the system was limited in identifying vulnerable North Korean migrants and households in crisis. Considering these institutional limits, this study developed three policy measures to improve the human rights situation of North Korean migrants. First, there is a need to simplify and unify the governance of North Korean migrants’settlement support. Second, it is important to move away from the controversy surrounding the five-year residential protection period. Third, we must establish various regional public-private channels that can actually protect and support vulnerable and at-risk North Korean migrants. In addition, to resolve the human rights issues of vulnerable North Korean migrants and families in crisis, legal and institutional improvements must be made, and we must change South Korean society’s perception of North Korean migrants for the better.

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