일제 강점기 중국국민당 경성지부와 조선 광동 화교 커뮤니티의 역할

초록

This paper traced the establishment of the KMT(the Chinese Nationalist Party, the Kuomintang) Keijo branch. It revealed that the Cantonese community in Seoul played a leading role in the process. In the course of the successful Northern Expedition and the Kuomintang-Communist split of 1927, leading Cantonese merchants in Seoul sent support to Chiang Kai-shek, who chose to break up with the CCP. On the other hand, overseas Chinese from Shandong Province, which accounts for more than 80% of the Chinese population in Korea, had many supporters of the Beijing government and rarely participated in the KMT Keijo branch. Unlike the rest of the global Cantonese communities, the Cantonese community in Korea did not show much response to the Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen. That is because the Cantonese merchants who entered Korea were a group that closely collaborated with the Qing court and imperial bureaucrats. In addition, many Cantonese merchants in Korea were wealthy merchants, and they tended to be politically conservative. This character is typically shown in the case of Tan Jiesheng, the owner of the Tongshuntai firm. He was a longtime leader of the Cantonese community in Seoul. However, in the 1920s, as Japan tightened institutional regulations that weakened the economic power of the Chinese in Korea, a sense of crisis increased within the Korean Chinese community. This sense of crisis and strong hope for a modernized and powerful mother country was another background for Tan Jie and the Cantonese community in Seoul to respond to establishing the KMT Keijo branch actively. However, in 1927 and 1931, a large-scale anti-Chinese riot broke out in Korea. Along with the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, the Kuomintang activities in Korea were increasingly monitored and oppressed by the Japanese authorities. As a result, many Cantonese and Southerners who led the KMT Keijo branch withdrew from Korea. After that, the activities of the Korean branch of the Kuomintang changed to a promotion organization for Japan, which was managed by the Northern Chinese, that is, Shandong people in Seoul.

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