现代汉语主观程度评价构式“X出Y”的构式化与机制研究

초록

This paper investigates the Modern Chinese “X-chu(出)-Y” construction, a subjective degree evaluation structure that denotes a property exceeding its limits and expresses the speaker's subjective appraisal. To identify this construction, this study establishes three diagnostic criteria: the structural blocking of “de(得)” or “bu(不)” insertion, the non-substitutability of “chu(出)” with analogous components such as “jin(进)” or “dao(到),” and the inability to form wh-interrogatives using “shenme(什么)” or “nali(哪里)” to refer to constituent Y. Diachronically tracing the grammaticalization of “chu(出),” this paper delineates the evolutionary trajectory of the V-chu-Y structure from a serial verb structure during the Pre-Qin period, through its coexistence with the verb-complement structure during the Western Han dynasty, to its final stage where the verb-complement V-chu-Y structure coexists with the modern “X-chu-Y” construction. Regarding constituent X, the analysis reveals that components with mismatched argument realizations, such as adjectives and noun phrases, can occur in the X position, alongside compatible verbs, through the process of constructional coercion. This process also includes a semantic reinterpretation of a state denoted by adjectives or NPs into an event—namely, a change of state. Furthermore, we argue that the nominal Y functions as a metaphorical endpoint of degree, where “chu(出)” signals the transcendence of this limit, thereby triggering the construction's evaluative meaning

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