키르기스스탄의 노동이주와 그 사회경제적 영향: 관세동맹 및 단일경제공간 가입을 중심으로

초록

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of Kyrgyzstan’s access to Customs Union and Single Economic Space(SES) on labor market, human capital development and economy of the country. According to the analysis, Kyrgyzstan’s massive labor migration and its remittances bring about profit and damage to the country together. Remittances sent by the migrant workers can help remaining families at home country, decrease the national poverty and unemployment level, and assist human capital development through knowledge and skill acquired in foreign countries. On the other hand, labor migration presents major problems for desperate laborers to be exploited abroad, leave the Kyrgyzstan’s economy excessively dependent on the economic performance of Russia and Kazakhstan and making it not only economic unstable, but also politically volatile. Based on the perspective of Kyrgyzstan, its accession to the Customs Union and SES necessarily incorporate labor migration agreements which provide migrants with national status. Through these agreements, member countries can establish an efficient and effective common labor market, and make migrant labors find jobs easily by weakening the main obstacles to employment. However, a range of measures is required from the side of Kyrgyzstan that improve the quality of labour resources. For the purpose, relevant policies to improve skill and quality of migrant workers should be included. This must be supplemented by active labor policies which are mainly targeted at highly skilled and qualified workers in labor market, directly aiming to increase employment opportunities in domestic economy of Kyrgyzstan.

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