중국식 여성할당제의 적용 : 농촌여성의 정치참여를 중심으로

초록

Since “Beijing Platform for Action” which designates 30% of women in decision-making body has been adopted by 140 countries, gender balance in politics worldwide has been rapidly improved while China has been relatively stagnated. In Reform Era, along the political decentralization and democratization at basic levels, the CCP’s power to select and appoint cadres shrank. Prior to the reform, it was the party center that directly supervised the selection of women with it’s strong ideological will. Women’s participation rate in political area has been sharply reduced due to ‘Open Selection System.’ Especially in line with village elections in the countryside, many women cadres who had worked for People’s Commune in rural area stepped down and gender quotas rather deteriorated. Even more, 《The Organic Law of Village Committees》 which stipulates gender quotas does not seem so effective due to it’s ambiguity with the stipulation “village committees must contain female members” without mentioning of the specific quota rate. Nonetheless, there has been various institutional devices at province level to promote gender quotas in village elections by the cooperation among the Party, the state and the organization for women such as ACWF(All-China Women’s Federation). They made more specific regulations to guarantee women’s proportion in village committees and also boost various devices to realize quota provisions. And their way of implementation is starting at several villages and once they are effective, spreading them to whole province. Thanks to those efforts, rural women’s entrance to village committees was quite successful. However the problem is that future expectation of 30% women’s rate does not necessarily guarantee ‘gender empowerment.’ Because the situation of ‘occupational sex segregation’ in rural. Most of women candidates go for women’s business and being rest far from decision-making body. Recently new devices started to boost women go for village head/deputy head position. Therefore the prospect for gender quota in Chinese rural area is not just gloomy.

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