Fault Sensitivity-Based Purpose-Driven Optimal Waveform Measurement Unit Placement for IBR Dynamic Monitoring

초록

The rapid proliferation of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) introduces complex dynamics like Sub-Synchronous Oscillation (SSO), rendering conventional topological sensor placement strategies insufficient for capturing fast-transient behaviors. This paper proposes a novel purpose-driven Multi-Objective Optimization (MOP) Waveform Measurement Unit (WMU) Placement Framework that transitions the monitoring paradigm from static network connectivity to enhanced dynamic vulnerability coverage. By utilizing physics-based Fault Sensitivity (FS) indices derived from high-resolution Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) simulations, the proposed approach quantitatively tailors sensor locations to specific operational objectives. Furthermore, a data-driven dimensionality reduction and AHP-based weight sensitivity analysis are integrated to guarantee computational scalability and robust physical alignment. Case studies on the IEEE 30-bus system identify a cost-effective knee point for optimal investment and demonstrate that the oscillation-focused strategy effectively targets critical buses with amplified vibration energy, overcoming the limitations of transient-biased schemes. Furthermore, physical validation via α-β trajectory analysis confirms that the proposed placement secures a robust medium for high-fidelity monitoring by significantly increasing signal magnitude. Ultimately, this study establishes a strategic solution for modern power grids, enhancing detection reliability against IBR-driven instabilities. Extensive stress tests under AWGN and varying operating conditions demonstrate that the proposed framework is exceptionally robust, maintaining high placement consistency.

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