초등학교 고학년의 수·연산 적응성 및 수학 학업성취도와의 관련성

초록

The adaptivity of numbers and operations represents the understanding of numbers, operations, and operational relations, and it helps problem solvers to apply flexible and appropriate problem-solving strategies. The study assessed 5th (n = 76) and 6th graders’(n = 76) adaptivity of numbers and operations by using the arithmetic sentence production task, which requires students to produce various arithmetic sentences by using any combination of given numbers and arithmetic operations. Furthermore, the study evaluated whether the adaptivity of numbers and operations is a key predictor of upper elementary school students’ mathematics achievement. The results showed that at first, the frequency of the use of arithmetic operations in upper elementary students was high in addition but was relatively low in division when producing arithmetic sentences. Second, the adaptivity of numbers and operations was higher when the size of a target number was small than when it was large. Third, the adaptivity of numbers and operations significantly predicted upper elementary students’ mathematics achievement even after controlling for general cognitive ability, arithmetic fluency, and arithmetic principles knowledge. Based on these findings, we discuss instructional approaches to enhance upper elementary students’ mathematics competence.

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