중앙아시아에 있어서 정부-기업 관계의 유형과 특성: 경제 성과와의 관련성

초록

This paper tries to illuminate determining factors which have caused the differences of economic performance in Central Asia, on the basis of the perspective that they were originated from the differences of institutional arrangements in government-business relations and the disparity of consistency between formal and informal institutions constituting the relations. For the purpose, firstly, we reconstruct the theoretical framework on the government-business relations that encompassing their formation, evolution, and development. And then, we clarify the types and features of each forms of government-business relations through the typology of them, and examine the issue of the consistency between formal and informal institutions in the cases of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. On the basis of this analysis, we explain the important influence of the government-business relations and the institutional consistency on the economic performance. Evolution of institution is a branching process dominated by a path-dependency. It means that an economic system, if having been selected by any causes, it is seriously difficult to reverse its evolutionary path or to jump into the different inconsecutive path. So, it is almost impossible to immediately change over the institutional arrangements from the type of order state to the rescue state concomitant with the environmental change, even in Uzbekistan or Turkmenistan having powerful governments. In this sense, the countries having been converted to the type of the rescue state are likely to show better economic performance if it would be decreasing the inconsistency cost of the initial phase of transition. But, it needs to point out that even the institutional arrangements of the rescue state is no more than a transitional form in the initial phase of transition, and they are remarkably insufficient, in many terms, to the modern institutional forms of capitalist market economy.

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