단기여행 경험이 취약계층 청소년의 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향: 기본심리욕구 충족 및 좌절의 비대칭적 효과 탐색

초록

Grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study investigated the psychological effects of a tourism welfare program, sponsored by the Korea Tourism Organization, on 235 underprivileged adolescents. Specifically, it aimed to analyze the relative impact of basic psychological need (BPN) satisfaction and frustration (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) on subjective well-being (SWB), focusing on their asymmetric effects and identifying the most critical predictor among the six factors. A pre- and post-trip survey was conducted on participants of a travel support program sponsored by the Korea Tourism Organization. Out of 1,132 initial participants, 235 matched responses were utilized for the final analysis. Preliminary paired-samples t-tests confirmed significant increases in participants' subjective well-being (SWB) and basic psychological need (BPN) satisfaction post-intervention. The main analysis employed hierarchical regression to examine the relative effects of post-test (T2) BPN satisfaction and frustration (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) on post-test (T2) SWB, controlling for pre-test (T1) SWB. The results revealed that BPN factors significantly predicted T2 SWB. First, both SWB and BPN significantly increased after the trip. Second, a distinct asymmetric effect emerged: the positive impact of BPN satisfaction factors was generally stronger than the negative impact (in absolute magnitude) of BPN frustration factors. Third, among the six variables, competence satisfaction was the strongest positive predictor of SWB. These findings indicate that tourism welfare programs can serve as effective psychological interventions to enhance youth SWB. Practically, this study empirically highlights the critical importance of designing experiences that satisfy participants' competence and relatedness. Furthermore, this study makes a significant theoretical contribution by extending the BPN frustration construct into the tourism welfare context and identifying the core role of competence in short-term travel.

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