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초록

This article organizes and analyzes the contents related to the three vehicles in Du Guangting's 《Daodezhenjingguangshengyi》(道德眞經廣聖義), and based on this, reviews the meaning of Du Guangting’s the theory of cultivating oneself in Taoism’s ideological history. Du Guangting’s the theory of three vehicles’s cultivating oneself is a systematization of Taoism’s the theory of cultivating oneself to a gradual step-by-step process. As the basis of the three vehicles, Du Guangting argues for the differences of ‘teaching method’ according to the differences of ‘innate ingredients’. According to Du Guangting, Humans have differences in their innate ingredients, and Taoists are no exception. Human innate ingredients are divided to nine classes. Depending on the differences in the innate ingredients, the teaching method of Taoist's practice is also different. A Taoist can practice with a teaching method that is one level higher than his or her own innate ingredient. After completing the practice of teaching method that is suitable for his or her innate ingredient, Taoist will practice the teaching method of one step higher level again. In addition, there is a distinction between convenient way and true way in Taoist teaching method. A taoist with a very high innate ingredient can practice the true way immediately. However, most taoists must first practice convenient way and then can practice true way. Based on the differences in the innate ingredients, the differences of teaching method and the distinction between convenient way and true way in teaching method, Du Guangting argues Taoist’s cultivating oneself goes through a gradual, step-by-step process of performing from the small vehicle to the middle vehicle and then from the middle vehicle to the great vehicle. In the small vehicle, Master teaches Taoists with the way of ‘Youwei’(有爲). For example, they practice ‘Ten task’, control the mind and body with the precepts, practice altruism, and train the mind and body with Taoism’s regimen. In the middle vehicle, Taoists learn the way of ‘Wuwei’(無爲). Here, convenient way and true way are mixed due to the difference in the innate ingredients of Taoists. Taoist with very good innate ingredients practice ‘Zuowang’(坐忘), which is true way, but most of Taoists practice ‘Four kinds convenient way’. In the great vehicle, Taoists throw away not only the way of ‘Youwei’, but also the way of ‘Wuwei’, and then practice ‘Chongxuan’(重玄). However, there is a different method of meditation for each ‘vehicle’, but there is a method that penetrates the ‘Three vehicles’. This method of meditation is ‘Guanxing’(觀行), which is one of cultivating own mind. Therefore, Du Guangting’s the theory of three vehicles’s cultivating oneself is vested in cultivating own mind. In order to solve the problems faced by Taoism at the time, Du Guangting’s the theory of three vehicles’s cultivating oneself was intended to re-establish Taoism’s the theory of cultivating oneself by synthesizing and systematizing existing Taoism philosophy and ideas.

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